Karate originated in Okinawa, not Japan as many people believe. Although Okinawa is considered part of Japan today, for many centuries it was a completely separate nation. During the 14th century, Okinawa itself was divided into three kingdoms - Hokuzan (north), Chuzan (central) and Nanzan (south). The three kingdoms were united under King Sho Hashi during the time of China's Ming Dynasty and trade flourished between Okinawa, China and Korea. This was known as the "Golden Age" of Okinawa and the indigenous fighting style was developed under the influence of the trading nations, while also spreading to the trading nations and influencing those native peoples as well. The Japanese invaded in 1609 and Okinawa became a puppet state of the nation. 

Chinese Martial Arts, particularly Fujian White Crane practices influenced the "tii" or "hand" style of the Ryukyu Islands. Today's karate is centered around various strikes - utilizing the hands, feet, knees and elbows. There are also a number of open-hand techniques as well as modern grappling, throws and restraints. The Okinawan practices did not actually spread to mainland Japan until the early 20th century.